Is pastoralism a factor in the development of plant and animal biodiversity? Pastoralism is at the origin of the development of ruminant livestock farming. It has shaped our landscapes in Europe and elsewhere in the world. Is it compatible with our lifestyles today and tomorrow? Some advocate a return to a "wild" nature to allow free rein to interspecific competition, while pastoralism has demonstrated resilience throughout the ages and has been shown to be a factor in "controlled" biodiversity. What are the contributions of research? Are there differences depending on the environment? What role will pastoralism play in the agroecological systems of tomorrow? With testimonies from the Massif Central and the Sahel, among others...