As ergot of cereals (Claviceps purpurea) is re-emerging, its alkaloids—highly toxic to both humans and animals—are subject to increasingly stringent European regulations. Drawing on field observations and analytical approaches, this conference will highlight the interactions between cropping practices, sanitary pressure, and risks at harvest. Participants will be invited to explore the biological mechanisms underlying the infection cycle, from the persistence of sclerotia in the soil to the dynamics of dissemination and contamination under favorable conditions. Finally, the presentation will open a discussion on available management strategies, combining prophylaxis, agronomic practices, and risk-based reasoning. The objective is to provide practical insights to better cope with an evolving regulatory and sanitary context.